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Human Resource Management (HRM) is a vital topic under Teaching Aptitude for UGC NET Paper 1. Whether you're preparing for a teaching career or academic leadership, understanding HRM equips you with knowledge about managing people – the most critical resource in any organization.

What is Human Resource Management (HRM)?

HRM refers to the strategic approach to the effective management of people in an organization so that they help the business gain a competitive advantage. It involves planning, organizing, directing, and controlling all activities related to acquiring, developing, and retaining a competent workforce.

Definition (By Experts):

“HRM is the process of recruiting, selecting, training, developing and maintaining a productive workforce.” – Gary Dessler

Objectives of HRM

• To ensure the right person is in the right job.
• To develop employee skills through training and development.
• To motivate employees for high performance.
• To maintain good industrial relations.
• To maximize employee productivity while ensuring satisfaction.
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Role of HRM in Organizations

HRM plays a strategic role in shaping the workforce and work culture of any institution, especially in the field of education:

1. Strategic Partner

HR professionals align human capital with institutional goals and contribute to planning and decision-making.

2. Administrative Expert

They handle policy formulation, records, compliance, and salary administration.

3. Employee Advocate

HRM works to create a positive work environment by resolving grievances and supporting employees.

4. Change Agent

They help manage institutional change, restructuring, and skill-building initiatives.

Functions of HRM

HRM functions are broadly classified into two categories:

A. Managerial Functions

These involve the basic functions performed by HR managers at different levels:

1. Planning – Forecasting future HR needs, job analysis, and succession planning.
2. Organizing – Creating an HR structure, defining roles and responsibilities.
3. Directing – Leading and motivating employees to achieve organizational goals.
4. Controlling – Monitoring HR activities and ensuring compliance.

B. Operative Functions

These are day-to-day HR activities performed to manage employees effectively:

HRM in Educational Institutions

In academic contexts, HRM ensures:

• Efficient faculty recruitment and onboarding.
• Continuous teacher training and skill development.
• Managing performance of teaching and non-teaching staff.
• Promoting a culture of research, innovation, and discipline.
• Ensuring student support services are well-staffed and trained.

Sample UGC NET MCQ

Q: Which of the following is not an operative function of HRM?
A. Planning
B. Recruitment
C. Training
D. Compensation

Answer: A. Planning

Tips for UGC NET Preparation

• Learn the difference between managerial and operative functions.
• Memorize HRM roles with examples (educational institutions, startups, corporates).
• Solve previous year questions and take mock tests.
• Prepare flashcards for key terms like recruitment, T&D, compensation, IR.

Conclusion

HRM is the backbone of any educational or business organization. As a UGC NET aspirant, understanding HRM equips you with knowledge to manage talent effectively, foster leadership, and build a thriving institutional culture. Whether you're planning a career in academics or administration, HRM plays a transformative role.

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